LocationAllocationSolverProperties

Zusammenfassung

Provides access to analysis properties from a location-allocation network analysis layer. The GetSolverProperties function is used to obtain a LocationAllocationSolverProperties object from a location-allocation network analysis layer.

Diskussion

The LocationAllocationSolverProperties object provides read and write access to all the analysis properties of a location-allocation network analysis layer. The object can be used to modify the desired analysis properties of the location-allocation layer, and the corresponding layer can be re-solved to determine the appropriate results. A new location-allocation layer can be created using the Make Location-Allocation Layer geoprocessing tool. Obtaining the LocationAllocationSolverProperties object from a new location-allocation layer allows you to reuse the existing layer for subsequent analyses rather than create a new layer for each analysis, which can be slow.

After modifying the properties on the LocationAllocationSolverProperties object, the corresponding layer can be immediately used with other functions and geoprocessing tools. There is no refresh or update of the layer required to honor the changes modified through the object.

Eigenschaften

Eigenschaft	Erläuterung	Datentyp
accumulators (Lesen und schreiben)	Ermöglicht das Abrufen oder Festlegen einer Liste der Netzwerk-Kostenattribute, die als Teil der Analyse akkumuliert werden. Eine leere Liste, [], weist darauf hin, dass keine Kostenattribute akkumuliert werden.	String
attributeParameters (Lesen und schreiben)	Ermöglicht das Abrufen oder Festlegen der parametrierten Attribute, die für die Analyse verwendet werden sollen. Die Eigenschaft gibt ein Python-Wörterbuch zurück. Der Wörterbuchschlüssel ist ein Tupel mit zwei Werten, der aus dem Attributnamen und dem Parameternamen besteht. Der Wert der einzelnen Elemente im Wörterbuch ist der Parameterwert. Mithilfe der parametrierten Netzwerkattribute können dynamische Aspekte eines Attributwertes modelliert werden. So kann beispielsweise ein Tunnel mit einer Höhenbeschränkung von 12 Fuß mit einem Parameter modelliert werden. In diesem Fall sollte die Höhe des Fahrzeugs (in Fuß) als angegebener Parameterwert verwendet werden. Wenn das Fahrzeug höher als 12 Fuß ist, wird diese Einschränkung als "Wahr" bewertet und das Passieren des Tunnels somit untersagt. Entsprechend kann eine Brücke einen Parameter zur Angabe einer Gewichtsbeschränkung aufweisen. Das Ändern der festgelegten Eigenschaft " attributeParameters" würde keine aktualisierten Werte zurückgeben. Sie sollten daher immer ein neues Wörterbuchobjekt verwenden, um die Werte für die Eigenschaft festzulegen. Die zwei folgenden Codeblöcke veranschaulichen den Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Ansätzen: #Don't attempt to modify the attributeParameters property in place. #This coding method won't work. solverProps.attributeParameters[('HeightRestriction', 'RestrictionUsage')] = "PROHIBITED" #Modify the attributeParameters property using a new dictionary object. #This coding method works. params = solverProps.attributeParameters params[('HeightRestriction', 'RestrictionUsage')] = "PROHIBITED" solverProps.attributeParameters = params Wenn der Netzwerkanalyse-Layer keine parametrierten Attribute aufweist, gibt diese Eigenschaft None zurück.	Dictionary
defaultCapacity (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the default capacity of facilities when the location-allocation problemType parameter is set to MAXIMIZE_CAPACITATED_COVERAGE. This parameter is ignored for all other problem types. Facilities have a Capacity property, which, if set to a nonnull value, overrides the defaultCapacity parameter for that facility.	Double
facilitiesToFind (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the number of facilities that the solver should locate. The property value is ignored if the problemType property is set to MINIMIZE_FACILITIES, since the solver determines the minimum number of facilities to locate to maximize coverage. The property value is also ignored if the problemType property is set to TARGET_MARKET_SHARE, because the solver searches for the minimum number of facilities required to capture the specified market share.	Integer
impedance (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the network cost attribute used as impedance.	String
impedanceCutoff (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the maximum impedance at which a demand point can be allocated to a facility.	Double
impedanceParameter (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set a parameter value for the equations specified in the impedanceTransformation property. The property value is ignored when the impedanceTransformation property is set to LINEAR. The property value should not be zero.	Double
impedanceTransformation (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the equation for transforming the network cost between facilities and demand points. This property value, coupled with the impedanceParameter property value, specifies how severely the network impedance between facilities and demand points influences the solver's choice of facilities. The following is a list of possible values: LINEAR —The transformed network impedance between the facility and the demand point is the same as the shortest-path network impedance between them. With this value set, the impedanceParameter property value is always set to one and any value set for impedanceParameter property is ignored. POWER —The transformed network impedance between the facility and the demand point is equal to the shortest-path network impedance raised to the power specified by the impedanceParameter property value. Use this property value with a positive impedanceParameter property value to give higher weight to nearby facilities. EXPONENTIAL —The transformed network impedance between the facility and the demand point is equal to the mathematical constant e raised to the power specified by the shortest-path network impedance multiplied by the impedanceParameter property value. Use this property value with a positive impedanceParameter property value to give a very high weight to nearby facilities.	String
outputPathShape (Lesen und schreiben)	Controls whether straight lines are used to represent the results from the location-allocation analysis. The following is a list of possible values: NO_LINES —No shape will be generated for the output of the analysis. This is useful when you have a large number of demand points or facilities and are interested only in the tabular output. STRAIGHT_LINES —Straight lines connecting the solution facilities to their allocated demand points are generated.	String
problemType (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the problem type that will be solved. The choice of the problem type depends on the kind of facility being located. Different kinds of facilities have different priorities and constraints. The following is a list of possible values: MINIMIZE_IMPEDANCE —This option solves the warehouse location problem. It selects a set of facilities such that the total sum of weighted impedances (demand at a location times the impedance to the closest facility) is minimized. This problem type is often known as the P-Median problem. MAXIMIZE_COVERAGE —This option solves the fire station location problem. It chooses facilities such that all or the greatest amount of demand is within a specified impedance cutoff. MINIMIZE_FACILITIES —This option solves the fire station location problem. It chooses the minimum number of facilities needed to cover all or the greatest amount of demand within a specified impedance cutoff. MAXIMIZE_ATTENDANCE —This option solves the neighborhood store location problem where the proportion of demand allocated to the nearest chosen facility falls with increasing distance. The set of facilities that maximize the total allocated demand is chosen. Demand further than the specified impedance cutoff does not affect the chosen set of facilities. MAXIMIZE_MARKET_SHARE —This option solves the competitive facility location problem. It chooses facilities to maximize market share in the presence of competitive facilities. Gravity model concepts are used to determine the proportion of demand allocated to each facility. The set of facilities that maximizes the total allocated demand is chosen. TARGET_MARKET_SHARE —This option solves the competitive facility location problem. It chooses facilities to reach a specified target market share in the presence of competitive facilities. Gravity model concepts are used to determine the proportion of demand allocated to each facility. The minimum number of facilities needed to reach the specified target market share is chosen.	String
restrictions (Lesen und schreiben)	Ermöglicht das Abrufen oder Festlegen einer Liste der Restriktionsattribute, die für die Analyse angewendet werden. Eine leere Liste, [], weist darauf hin, dass keine Restriktionsattribute für die Analyse verwendet werden.	String
solverName (Schreibgeschützt)	Returns the name of the solver being referenced by the Network Analyst layer used to obtain the solver properties object. The property always returns the string value Location-Allocation Solver when accessed from a LocationAllocationSolverProperties object.	String
targetMarketShare (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the target market share in percentage to solve when the problemType property is set to TARGET_MARKET_SHARE. It is the percentage of the total demand weight that you want your solution facilities to capture. The solver chooses the minimum number of facilities required to capture the target market share specified by this numeric value. Any value set for facilitiesToFind property is ignored.	Double
timeOfDay (Lesen und schreiben)	Provides the ability to get or set the time and date of departure. The departure can be from facilities or demand points, depending on whether travel is from demand to facility or facility to demand. A value of None can be used to specify that no date and time should be used. Instead of using a particular date, a day of the week can be specified using the following dates: Heute – 30.12.1899 Sonntag – 31.12.1899 Montag – 1.1.1900 Dienstag – 2.1.1900 Mittwoch – 3.1.1900 Donnerstag – 4.1.1900 Freitag – 5.1.1900 Samstag – 06.01.1900 For example, to specify that the departure should occur at 8:00 a.m. on Friday, specify the value as datetime.datetime(1900, 1, 5, 8,0,0). The timeZoneUsage parameter specifies whether the date and time refer to UTC or the time zone in which the facilities or demand points are located.	DateTime
timeZoneUsage (Lesen und schreiben)	Specifies the time zone of the timeOfDay parameter. GEO_LOCAL —The timeOfDay parameter refers to the time zone in which the facilities or demand points are located. If a time and date is specified in timeOfDay and travelDirection is set to FACILITY_TO_DEMAND, this is the time zone of the facilities. If the same is true, but travelDirection is set to DEMAND_TO_FACILITY, this is the time zone of the facilities. UTC —The timeOfDay parameter refers to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Choose this option if you want to solve the analysis for a specific time, such as now, but aren't certain in which time zone the facilities or demand points will be located. When solving a location-allocation analysis that spans across multiple time zones, the following rules apply: All facilities must be in the same time zone when a start time is set and travel is from facility to demand. All demand points must be in the same time zone when a start time is set and travel is from demand point to facility.	String
travelDirection (Lesen und schreiben)	Controls the direction of travel between facilities and demand points when calculating the network costs. The following is a list of possible values: FACILITY_TO_DEMAND —Direction of travel is from facilities to demand points. DEMAND_TO_FACILITY —Direction of travel is from demand points to facilities.	String
useHierarchy (Lesen und schreiben)	Steuert die Verwendung des Hierarchieattributs während der Durchführung der Analyse. Nachfolgend finden Sie eine Liste der möglichen Werte: USE_HIERARCHY — Verwenden Sie das Hierarchieattribut für die Analyse. Wenn eine Hierarchie verwendet wird, werden vom Solver Kanten einer höheren Rangstufe gegenüber Kanten niedrigerer Rangstufen bevorzugt. Hierarchische Berechnungen sind schneller und können verwendet werden, um die Präferenzen eines Fahrers auf der Straße zu simulieren, der – wenn möglich – lieber auf Autobahnen statt auf Landstraßen fährt, selbst wenn die Fahrstrecke dann länger ist. Diese Option ist nur verfügbar, wenn das Netzwerk-Dataset, auf das vom ArcGIS Network Analyst-Layer verwiesen wird, über ein Hierarchieattribut verfügt. Diese Option kann auch über den Wert True festgelegt werden. NO_HIERARCHY —Verwenden Sie das Hierarchieattribut nicht für die Analyse. Wird keine Hierarchie verwendet, dann wird eine genaue Route für das Netzwerk-Dataset berechnet. Diese Option kann auch über den Wert False festgelegt werden.	String
uTurns (Lesen und schreiben)	Ermöglicht das Abrufen oder Festlegen der Richtlinie, die angibt, wie der Solver Wenden an Knoten, die beim Durchlaufen des Netzwerks zwischen Stopps auftreten können, verarbeitet. Nachfolgend finden Sie eine Liste der möglichen Werte: ALLOW_UTURNS —Wenden sind an Knoten mit einer beliebigen Anzahl verbundener Kanten erlaubt. NO_UTURNS —Wenden sind an allen Knoten verboten, unabhängig von der Valenz der Knoten. Beachten Sie, dass Wenden an Netzwerkstandorten auch dann erlaubt sind, wenn diese Einstellung ausgewählt wurde. Sie können jedoch die Eigenschaft "CurbApproach" der einzelnen Netzwerkstandorte festlegen, um auch hier Wenden zu verbieten. ALLOW_DEAD_ENDS_ONLY —Wenden sind an allen Knoten verboten, außer es ist nur eine angrenzende Kante vorhanden (Sackgasse). ALLOW_DEAD_ENDS_AND_INTERSECTIONS_ONLY —Wenden sind an Knoten verboten, an denen genau zwei angrenzende Kanten aufeinander treffen, jedoch an Kreuzungen (Knoten mit drei oder mehr angrenzenden Kanten) und in Sackgassen (Knoten mit genau einer angrenzenden Kante) erlaubt. Oftmals verfügen Netzwerke über unwesentliche Knoten in der Mitte von Straßensegmenten. Durch diese Option wird verhindert, dass Fahrzeuge an diesen Punkten wenden.	String

Methodenübersicht

Methode	Erläuterung
applyTravelMode (travel_mode)	Updates the analysis properties of a network analyst layer based on a travel mode object. The updated network analyst layer can then be solved to complete the analysis.

Methoden

applyTravelMode (travel_mode)

Parameter	Erläuterung	Datentyp
travel_mode	A variable that references a travel mode object derived from a network dataset. A list of travel mode objects can be obtained by calling the arcpy.na.GetTravelModes function.	Object

When a network analyst layer is created, it is assigned default values for all of its analysis properties. The individual analysis properties can be updated using a solver properties object obtained from the network analyst layer. A travel mode stores a predefined set of analysis settings that help to perform a particular analysis, such as a walking time travel mode that stores the analysis settings required to perform a time-based walking analysis.

Using the applyTravelMode method, all the analysis settings that are defined in a travel mode can be applied at once. After the analysis properties are updated, the network analyst layer can be solved to complete the analysis.

If there is an error when updating the solver properties, such as when the provided travel mode references properties that don't exist on the current network dataset or references properties that are no longer applicable to the network dataset that was used to create the network analyst layer corresponding to the solver properties object, no exceptions are raised. The method will execute successfully, but you will get errors when you try to solve such a network analyst layer.

If the travel_mode parameter does not reference a travel mode object or a string, a TypeError exception is raised. If the travel_mode parameter references a string and the string cannot be internally converted to a valid string representation of a travel mode object, a ValueError exception is raised.

Codebeispiel

LocationAllocationSolverProperties example 1 (Python window)

The script shows how to update the problem type of a location-allocation network analysis layer to Minimize Facilities and set a power impedance transformation with an impedance parameter of 2. It assumes that a location-allocation layer called Stores Coverage has been created in a new map document based on the tutorial network dataset for San Francisco region.

#Get the location-allocation layer object from a layer named "Stores Coverage" in
#the table of contents
laLayer = arcpy.mapping.Layer("Stores Coverage")

#Get the solver properties object from the location-allocation layer
solverProps = arcpy.na.GetSolverProperties(laLayer)

#Update the properties for the location-allocation layer using the solver properties
#object
solverProps.problemType = "MINIMIZE_FACILITIES"
solverProps.impedanceTransformation = "POWER"
solverProps.impedanceParameter = 2

LocationAllocationSolverProperties example 2 (workflow)

The script shows how to choose optimal store locations that would generate the most business for a retail chain using location-allocation analysis. The script first creates a new location-allocation layer with appropriate analysis settings. As a next step, the candidate store locations and the block group centroids are loaded as facilities and demand points, respectively. The analysis is solved and saved to a layer file. Two subsequent analyses are performed by modifying the analysis properties using the LocationAllocationSolverProperties object. After each solve, the layer is stored as a layer file. The script uses the tutorial data for the San Francisco region. The detailed description of the scenario is available as part of exercise 9 in the Network Analyst tutorial. While the tutorial walks you through this scenario using the ArcMap user interface, the script provides an example of how the same scenario can be automated using a Python script.

import arcpy

#Set up the environment
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True
arcpy.env.workspace = "C:/data/SanFrancisco.gdb"
arcpy.CheckOutExtension("network")

#Set up variables
networkDataset = "Transportation/Streets_ND"
outNALayerName = "NewStoreLocations"
inFacilities = "Analysis/CandidateStores"
requiredFacility = "Analysis/ExistingStore"
competitorFacility = "Analysis/CompetitorStores"
inDemandPoints = "Analysis/TractCentroids"
outputFolder = "C:/data/output/"

#Create a new location-allocation layer. In this case the demand travels to
#the facility. We wish to find 3 potential store locations out of all the
#candidate store locations using the maximize attendance model.
outNALayer = arcpy.na.MakeLocationAllocationLayer(networkDataset, outNALayerName,
                                                  "TravelTime","DEMAND_TO_FACILITY",
                                                  "MAXIMIZE_ATTENDANCE",3,5,
                                                  "LINEAR")
#Get the layer object from the result object. The location-allocation layer
#can now be referenced using the layer object.
outNALayer = outNALayer.getOutput(0)

#Get the names of all the sublayers within the location-allocation layer.
subLayerNames = arcpy.na.GetNAClassNames(outNALayer)
#Stores the layer names that we will use later
facilitiesLayerName = subLayerNames["Facilities"]
demandPointsLayerName = subLayerNames["DemandPoints"]

#Load the candidate store locations as facilities using default search
#tolerance and field mappings.
arcpy.na.AddLocations(outNALayer, facilitiesLayerName, inFacilities, "", "",
                      exclude_restricted_elements = "EXCLUDE")

#Load the tract centroids as demand points using default search tolerance. Use 
#the field mappings to map the Weight property from POP2000 field.
demandFieldMappings = arcpy.na.NAClassFieldMappings(outNALayer,
                                                    demandPointsLayerName)
demandFieldMappings["Weight"].mappedFieldName = "POP2000"
arcpy.na.AddLocations(outNALayer,demandPointsLayerName ,inDemandPoints,
                      demandFieldMappings, "",
                      exclude_restricted_elements = "EXCLUDE")

#Solve the location-allocation layer
arcpy.na.Solve(outNALayer)
    
#Save the solved location-allocation layer as a layer file on disk with 
#relative paths
outLayerFile = outputFolder + outNALayerName + ".lyr"
arcpy.management.SaveToLayerFile(outNALayer,outLayerFile,"RELATIVE")

#We need to re-solve the previous scenario as a store-expansion scenario, in
#which we will start with an existing store and optimally locate two additional
#stores.
#Load the existing store location as the required facility. Use the field
#mappings to set the facility type to requried. We need to append this
#required facility to existing facilities.
fieldMappings = arcpy.na.NAClassFieldMappings(outNALayer, facilitiesLayerName)
fieldMappings["FacilityType"].defaultValue = 1
fieldMappings["Name"].mappedFieldName = "Name"
arcpy.na.AddLocations(outNALayer, facilitiesLayerName, requiredFacility,
                      fieldMappings, "", append = "APPEND",
                      exclude_restricted_elements = "EXCLUDE")

#Solve the location-allocation layer
arcpy.na.Solve(outNALayer)
    
#Save the solved location-allocation layer as a layer file on disk with 
#relative paths
updatedNALayerName = "StoreExpansionScenario"
outNALayer.name = updatedNALayerName
outLayerFile = outputFolder + updatedNALayerName + ".lyr"
arcpy.management.SaveToLayerFile(outNALayer,outLayerFile,"RELATIVE")

#We need to resolve the previous scenario and locate new stores to 
#maximize market share in light of competing stores.

#Load the competitor store locations as the competitor facilities. Use the field
#mappings to set the facility type to Competitor. We need to append these
#competitor facilities to existing facilities.
fieldMappings["FacilityType"].defaultValue = 2
arcpy.na.AddLocations(outNALayer, facilitiesLayerName, competitorFacility,
                      fieldMappings, "", append = "APPEND",
                      exclude_restricted_elements = "EXCLUDE")

#Get the LocationAllocationSolverProperties object from the location-allocation 
#layer to modify the analysis settings for the layer.
solverProps = arcpy.na.GetSolverProperties(outNALayer)

#Set the problem type to Maximize Market Share, and impedance transformation to
#Power with an impedance parameter value of 2.
solverProps.problemType = "MAXIMIZE_MARKET_SHARE"
solverProps.impedanceTransformation = "POWER"
solverProps.impedanceParameter = 2

#Solve the location-allocation layer
arcpy.na.Solve(outNALayer)

#print the market share that was obtained
arcpy.AddMessage(arcpy.GetMessage(0))

#Change the name of the NA Layer
updatedNALayerName = "MaximizedMarketShareStoreLocations"
outNALayer.name = updatedNALayerName

#Save the solved location-allocation layer as a layer file on disk with 
#relative paths
outLayerFile = outputFolder + updatedNALayerName + ".lyr"
arcpy.management.SaveToLayerFile(outNALayer,outLayerFile,"RELATIVE")
    
arcpy.AddMessage("Completed")

ApplyTravelMode example 3 (workflow)

This script shows how to find the best facility locations based on a Trucking Time travel mode.

#Import modules
import os
import arcpy

#Define variables
workspace = "C:/data/SanDiego.gdb"
output_folder = "C:/data/output"
nds = os.path.join(workspace, "Transportation", "Streets_ND")
facilities = os.path.join(workspace, "Warehouses")
demand_points = os.path.join(workspace, "TruckDepots")
analysis_layer_name = "NewWarehouseLocation"

#Set environment variables
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True

#Check out the network analyst extension
arcpy.CheckOutExtension("network")

#Create a new closest facility analysis layer
make_layer_result = arcpy.na.MakeLocationAllocationLayer(nds, analysis_layer_name,
                                                      "TravelTime")
analysis_layer = make_layer_result.getOutput(0)

#Add facilities and demand points to the analysis layer using default field mappings         
sub_layer_names = arcpy.na.GetNAClassNames(analysis_layer)
facility_layer_name = sub_layer_names["Facilities"]
demand_points_layer_name = sub_layer_names["DemandPoints"]
arcpy.na.AddLocations(analysis_layer, facility_layer_name, facilities, "#", "#")
arcpy.na.AddLocations(analysis_layer, demand_points_layer_name, demand_points ,
                      "#", "#")

#Get the Trucking Time travel mode from the network dataset
travel_modes = arcpy.na.GetTravelModes(nds)
trucking_mode = travel_modes["Trucking Time"]

#Apply the travel mode to the analysis layer
solver_properties = arcpy.na.GetSolverProperties(analysis_layer)
solver_properties.applyTravelMode(trucking_mode)

#Solve the analysis layer and save the result as a layer file          
arcpy.na.Solve(analysis_layer)

output_layer = os.path.join(output_folder, analysis_layer_name + ".lyr")
arcpy.management.SaveToLayerFile(analysis_layer, output_layer, "RELATIVE")

arcpy.AddMessage("Completed")

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