Available with Spatial Analyst license.
Summary
Calculates a magnitude-per-unit area from point features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell.
Illustration
Usage
Only the points that fall within the neighborhood are considered when calculating the density. If no points fall within the neighborhood at a particular cell, that cell is assigned NoData.
The values on the output raster will always be floating point.
The Output cell size can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn’t been explicitly specified as the parameter value, it is derived from the Cell Size environment if it has been specified. If the parameter cell size or the environment cell size have not been specified, but the Snap Raster environment has been set, the cell size of the snap raster is used. If nothing is specified, the cell size is calculated from the shorter of the width or height of the extent divided by 250, where the extent is in the Output Coordinate System specified in the environment.
If the cell size is specified using a numeric value, the tool will use it directly for the output raster.
If the cell size is specified using a raster dataset, the parameter will show the path of the raster dataset instead of the cell size value. The cell size of that raster dataset will be used directly in the analysis, provided the spatial reference of the dataset is the same as the output spatial reference. If the spatial reference of the dataset is different than the output spatial reference, it will be projected based on the selected Cell Size Projection Method.
Larger values of the radius parameter produce a more generalized density raster. Smaller values produce a raster that shows more detail.
If the area unit scale factor units are small, relative to the distance between the points, the output raster values may be small. To obtain larger values, use the area unit scale factor for larger units (for example, square kilometers versus square meters).
See Analysis environments and Spatial Analyst for additional details on the geoprocessing environments that apply to this tool.
Syntax
PointDensity(in_point_features, population_field, {cell_size}, {neighborhood}, {area_unit_scale_factor})| Parameter | Explanation | Data Type |
in_point_features | The input point features for which to calculate the density. | Feature Layer |
population_field | Field denoting population values for each point. The population field is the count or quantity to be used in the calculation of a continuous surface. Values in the population field may be integer or floating point. The options and default behaviors for the field are listed below.
| Field |
cell_size (Optional) | The cell size of the output raster that will be created. This parameter can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn't been explicitly specified as the parameter value, the environment cell size value will be used if specified; otherwise, additional rules will be used to calculate it from the other inputs. See the usage for more detail. | Analysis Cell Size |
neighborhood (Optional) | Dictates the shape of the area around each cell used to calculate the density value. This is a Neighborhood class. There are four types of neighbourhood class: NbrAnnulus, NbrCircle, NbrRectangle, and NbrWedge. The forms and descriptions of the classes are:
The default is NbrCircle, where radius is the shortest of the width or height of the output extent in the output spatial reference, divided by 30. | Neighborhood |
area_unit_scale_factor (Optional) | The desired area units of the output density values. A default unit is selected based on the linear unit of the output spatial reference. You can change this to the appropriate unit if you wish to convert the density output. Values for line density convert the units of both length and area. If no output spatial reference is specified, the output spatial reference will be the same as the input feature class. The default output density units is determined by the linear units of the output spatial reference as follows. If the output linear units are meters, the output area density units will be set to SQUARE_KILOMETERS, outputting square kilometers for point features or kilometers per square kilometers for polyline features. If the output linear units are feet, the output area density units will be set to SQUARE_MILES. If the output units is anything other than feet or meters, the output area density units will be set to SQUARE_MAP_UNITS. That is, the output density units will be the square of the linear units of the output spatial reference. For example, if the output linear units is centimeters, the output area density units will be SQUARE_MAP_UNITS, which would result in square centimeters. If the output linear units is kilometers, the output area density units will be SQUARE_MAP_UNITS, which would result in square kilometers. The available options and their corresponding output density units are the following:
| String |
Return Value
| Name | Explanation | Data Type |
| out_raster | The output point density raster. It is always a floating point raster. | Raster |
Code sample
PointDensity example 1 (Python window)
This example calculates a density raster from a point shape file.
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
from arcpy.sa import *
env.workspace = "C:/sapyexamples/data"
pdensOut = PointDensity("rec_sites.shp", "NONE", 60, NbrCircle(2500, "MAP"))
pdensOut.save("C:/sapyexamples/output/pointdensity")
PointDensity example 2 (stand-alone script)
This example calculates a density raster from a point shape file.
# Name: PointDensity_Ex_02.py
# Description: Calculates a magnitude per unit area from point
# features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell.
# Requirements: Spatial Analyst Extension
# Import system modules
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
from arcpy.sa import *
# Set environment settings
env.workspace = "C:/sapyexamples/data"
# Set local variables
inFeatures = "rec_sites.shp"
populationField = "NONE"
cellSize = 60
# Create the Neighborhood Object
radius = 2500
myNbrCirc = NbrCircle(radius, "MAP")
# Check out the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension license
arcpy.CheckOutExtension("Spatial")
# Execute PointDensity
outPdens = PointDensity(inFeatures, populationField, cellSize,
myNbrCirc, "SQUARE_KILOMETERS")
# Save the output
outPdens.save("C:/sapyexamples/output/outpdens")
Environments
Licensing information
- Basic: Requires Spatial Analyst
- Standard: Requires Spatial Analyst
- Advanced: Requires Spatial Analyst