References
ASIRT. (2002-2016). Annual United States Road Crash Statistics. Association for Safe International Road Travel. Accessed 8/22/2016.
Copeland, Larry. (2014, May). Staggering toll: Car crashes cost $871 billion a year. USA Today. Accessed 8/23/2016.
Federal Highway Administration. (2011, May). Roadway Safety Information Analysis: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington DC. Accessed 8/26/2016.
Florida Department of Transportation. (2014). Median Handbook. State of Florida Department of Transportation. Accessed 10/5/2016.
Kaufman, Liza. (2013). Most Dangerous Times for Driving. DRIVERSED.COM. Published April 24, 2013. Accessed 8/30/2016.
National Safety Council. (2016). Everyone Has a Role in Making Our Roads Safer. National Safety Council. Accessed 8/22/2016.
Singh, S. (2015, February). Critical reasons for crashes investigated in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey. (Traffic Safety Facts CrashStats. Report No. DOT HS 812 115). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Accessed publication 812115 10/19/2016.
Photo attribution
Crashed car | By Takkk - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) |
Data attribution
Traffic accident data 2010 to 2015 | Florida Department of Highway Safety & Motor Vehicles. Requested and obtained from GeoPlan Center at University of Florida. See Signal Four Analytics for more information. |
Brevard County boundary | Used to clip the Brevard County road network. Obtained from the Brevard County Property Appraiser free public data download web site. Accessed 10/13/2016. |
Brevard County roads | The road polylines were extracted from StreetMap Premium for ArcGIS North America HERE 2016 Release 2. The spatial weights matrix file used in the analyses and provided in the data package was also created using StreetMap Premium for ArcGIS. |
Kennedy Space Center Security Zones | Used to eliminate roads in areas where no crash data is recorded. Obtained from FWC-FWRI (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute). Accessed 09/01/2016. Metadata. |
Summary of tools
This case study demonstrates a number of analytical methods that can be adapted to many different application areas, allowing you to answer a variety of questions.
| Method | Generic Question | Examples |
|---|---|---|
Which features have the characteristics I'm interested in? | Which crashes occurred on Friday between 3 and 5PM? Which districts have more than 50,000 people and median annual incomes larger than $50,000? Which hospitals have readmission rates larger than 10 percent? | |
Hot Spot Analysis of feature attributes | Where do high and low values cluster together? | Where are the statistically significant clusters of the highest crash rates, online submission rates, linguistic diversity, poverty, unemployment, wealth, beer drinkers, lead levels, or college graduates? |
What are the space-time trends? | Where are the new, intensifying, and sporadic hot spots for crime, traffic accidents, IED events, tweets, or 911 calls? | |
Spatial Join of points and lines | How many or how much of each point is found on each line? | How many fatalities occurred along this highway? What is the average water quality along a stretch of river? How many passengers travel this particular flight path? |
In addition, you used data manipulation and management tools including Add Field, Calculate Field, Copy Features, Snap, and Merge. If you created the models presented in the workflow you also used the Calculate Value model utility and the Iterate Feature Selection model iterator.
Learn more
A number of resources are available to help you learn more about the analyses demonstrated in this case study.
- What is spatial analysis in ArcGIS?
- Spatial Statistics resources
- Generate Network Spatial Weights
- Modeling Spatial Relationships
- How Hot Spot Analysis works
- Combining Data
Additional traffic analysis resources:
Acknowledgments
This case study would not have been possible without input and assistance from Lixin Huang, PhD, GISP, IT Engineer II (GIS), and support from Lois Boisseau, IT Assistant Director for Brevard County, Florida. Thank you!