ArcMap

Exercise 5a: Transforming data

Complexity:
Intermediate
Data Requirement:
ArcGIS Tutorial Data for Desktop
Data Path:
\ArcGIS\ArcTutor\Editing\SpatialAdjustment

About transforming data

A spatial adjustment transformation is used to convert the coordinates of a layer from one location to another. This involves scaling, shifting, and rotating features based on displacement links defined by the user. Transformations are applied uniformly to all features in a feature class and are often used to convert data created in digitizer units into real-world units represented on a map.

This exercise will show you how to apply a transformation based on displacement links that you will create. This transformation will move, scale, and rotate two feature classes containing parcel and building features into alignment with another set of parcel and building feature classes. You might use this technique to adjust data that was digitized or imported into a temporary feature class in preparation for copying and pasting the features into your database. You will also learn how to specify which features to adjust, preview the adjustment, and view a link table.

Spatial adjustments are based on displacement links. These are special graphic elements that represent the source and destination locations for an adjustment.

Setting up the data and transformation options

Prerequisite:

Start ArcMap and display the Editor, Snapping, and Spatial Adjustment toolbars.

  1. Click the Open button Open on the Standard toolbar.
  2. Navigate to the Transform.mxd map document located in the \Editing\SpatialAdjustment directory where you installed the tutorial data. (C:\ArcGIS\ArcTutor is the default location.)
  3. Click the map and click Open.
  4. If you still have the map document open from the previous exercise and are prompted to close it, you can do so without saving your changes.
  5. Click the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar and click Start Editing.
    6. Before you start adding links, you should set your snapping environment so each link you add snaps to the vertices of features.
  6. Ensure vertex snapping is enabled. If it is not, click Vertex Snapping Vertex Snapping on the Snapping toolbar.

Applying a transformation

Spatial adjustment allows you to adjust a selected set of features or all the features in a layer. This setting is available on the Choose Input For Adjustment dialog box. The default is to adjust a selected set of features.

  1. You need to choose whether to adjust a selected set of features or all the features in a layer. Click the Spatial Adjustment menu on the Spatial Adjustment toolbar and click Set Adjust Data.
  2. Click All features in these layers.
  3. Uncheck the SimpleBuildings and SimpleParcels layers, keep the NewBuildings and NewParcels layers checked, then click OK.
    Choose Input For Adjustment dialog box
  4. Now that you have determined which features will be adjusted, the next step is to choose an adjustment method. Click the Spatial Adjustment menu, point to Adjustment Methods, then click Transformation - Similarity to set the adjustment method.

Adding displacement links

Displacement links define the source and destination coordinates for an adjustment. Displacement links can be created manually or loaded from a link file.

In this exercise, you will create your own displacement links from the exterior corners of the NewParcels layer to the corresponding locations in the SimpleParcels layer.

  1. Click Bookmarks and click Transform.
  2. Click the New Displacement Link tool New Displacement Link on the Spatial Adjustment toolbar.
  3. Snap to a from-point in the source layer and a to-point in the target layer.
    Adding the first displacement link
  4. Continue to create additional links as shown below. For this exercise, you will have a total of four displacement links when you are finished.
    After adding all the displacement links for the transformation

Adjusting the data

  1. Click the Spatial Adjustment menu and click Adjustment Preview to examine the adjustment. The preview allows you to see an adjustment prior to actually performing it. If the results of the adjustment are not adequate, you can modify the links to improve the accuracy of the adjustment.
  2. Click View Link Table View Link Table on the Spatial Adjustment toolbar. The link table provides information about link coordinates, link IDs, and RMS errors.
    3. Right-clicking a link record opens a shortcut menu. You can edit link coordinates, flash links, zoom and pan to selected links, and delete links with these commands. If the RMS error for this adjustment is not acceptable, you can modify the links to increase the accuracy. The preview window and link table are designed to help you fine-tune your adjustment.
    The final step of the spatial adjustment process is to perform the adjustment.
  3. Click the Spatial Adjustment menu and click Adjust.
    4. The adjusted data looks like this:
    Parcels after being adjusted
  4. Click the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar and click Stop Editing.
  5. Click Yes to save your edits.
  6. Close ArcMap if you are done working with the tutorial. You do not need to save the map document.
  7. To continue to the next exercise, click Exercise 5b: Rubbersheeting data.

In this exercise, you learned how to set your data for an adjustment, create displacement links, preview the adjustment, and adjust the data.