ArcGIS Desktop includes two applications that are used for mapping and visualization:ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro.
ArcMap can be used for mapping, editing, and analysis in a 2D environment, as well as data management, in ArcGIS Desktop. 
See What is ArcMap? for more information.
ArcGIS Pro can also be used to create and work with spatial data on your desktop. It provides tools to visualize, analyze, compile, and share your data, in both 2D and 3D environments.