An overview of the Math toolset

Available with Spatial Analyst license.

The Math toolset contains tools that perform mathematical operations on rasters.

The tools are grouped into four main categories:

• Math

  The tools at the top level of the math toolset perform basic mathematical operations on rasters in the following categories: Arithmetic, Power, Exponential, and Logarithmic. Also included are tools that alter the sign of the raster values, as well as those involved in converting the values between integer and floating point.

• Bitwise

  The Bitwise math toolset contains tools that perform bitwise operations on the input rasters.

• Logical

  The Logical math toolset contains tools for performing logical evaluations on rasters in the following categories: Boolean, Combinatorial, Relational, and Conditional.

• Trigonometric

  The Trigonometric math toolset contains tools for trigonometric calculations in several categories: Regular, Inverse, Hyperbolic, and Inverse Hyperbolic.

License:

Certain Math tools are also available with a 3D Analyst extension license. These tools are: Divide, Float, Int, Minus, Plus, and Times.

The following table lists the available Math toolsets and provides a brief description of each.

The Math toolsets

Tool	Description
General Math toolset	The general Math tools apply a mathematical function to the input. These tools fall into several categories. The arithmetic tools perform basic mathematical operations, such as addition and multiplication. There are tools that perform various types of exponentiation operations, which includes exponentials and logarithms in addition to the basic power operations. The remaining tools are used either for sign conversion or for conversion between integer and floating point data types.
Bitwise Math toolset	The bitwise math tools compute on the binary representation of the input values.
Logical Math toolset	The Logical Math tools evaluate the values of the inputs and determine the output values based on Boolean logic. The tools are grouped into four main categories: Boolean, Combinatorial, Logical, and Relational.
Trigonometric Math toolset	Trigonometric Math tools perform various trigonometric calculations on the values in an input raster.

The general Math tools

The following applies only to the tools at the top level of this toolset. For more details on the others, go to the appropriate sections for the Bitwise, Logical and Trigonometric mathematical operations.

The general Math tools apply a mathematical function to the input. These tools fall into several categories. The arithmetic tools perform basic mathematical operations, such as addition and multiplication. There are tools that perform various types of exponentiation operations, which includes exponentials and logarithms in addition to the basic power operations. The remaining tools are used either for sign conversion or for conversion between integer and floating point data types.

Certain tools require two inputs:

• Arithmetic: Plus, Minus, Times, Divide, Mod (modulus)
• Power: Power

While other tools only need a single input:

• Exponential: Exp, Exp2, Exp10
• Logarithmic: Ln, Log2, Log10
• Power: Square, Square Root
• Sign: Abs, Negate
• Type conversion: Float, Int, Round Down, Round Up

The following table lists the available general Math tools and provides a brief description of each:

Tools in the general Math toolset

Tool	Description
Abs	Calculates the absolute value of the cells in a raster.
Divide	Divides the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis.
Exp	Calculates the base e exponential of the cells in a raster.
Exp10	Calculates the base 10 exponential of the cells in a raster.
Exp2	Calculates the base 2 exponential of the cells in a raster.
Float	Converts each cell value of a raster into a floating-point representation.
Int	Converts each cell value of a raster to an integer by truncation.
Ln	Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of cells in a raster.
Log10	Calculates the base 10 logarithm of cells in a raster.
Log2	Calculates the base 2 logarithm of cells in a raster.
Minus	Subtracts the value of the second input raster from the value of the first input raster on a cell-by-cell basis.
Mod	Finds the remainder (modulo) of the first raster when divided by the second raster on a cell-by-cell basis.
Negate	Changes the sign (multiplies by -1) of the cell values of the input raster on a cell-by-cell basis.
Plus	Adds (sums) the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis.
Power	Raises the cell values in a raster to the power of the values found in another raster.
Round Down	Returns the next lower integer value, just represented as a floating point, for each cell in a raster.
Round Up	Returns the next higher integer value, just represented as a floating point, for each cell in a raster.
Square	Calculates the square of the cell values in a raster.
Square Root	Calculates the square root of the cell values in a raster.
Times	Multiplies the values of two rasters on a cell-by-cell basis.